“Because you are a minor I will release you, but I never want to see you again. After the army had crushed his dreams, and life in Kabylia seemed to offer no future for a young man with a stunted education and a head full of songs and poems – all in Tamazight too which ruled out a career as a public performer in Algeria – Matoub did what so many Kabyles had done before; he left for France. His message was clear and passionate. I’ll be a rebel for the rest of my life.”   In many ways his beginnings were that of the Kabyle Everyman. Like Bloody Sunday in Northern Ireland or the Soweto Uprising in South Africa, the Berber Spring was a pivotal event which strengthened the political sinews of the Kabyle nation and boiled the passions of its people. * * * *. Lounis Aït Menguellet is an Algerian singer born on January 17, 1950 in Ighil Bouammas, Tizi Ouzou Province in the Kabylie region. * * * *. The producer’s insults had to be avenged – Kabylia and Corsica have worryingly similar attitudes to revenge and retribution. Hsissen – Refdhagh Tavalizth 2 year ago. It was almost as if the timing of the concert was divinely ordained. There was no doubt about that in Matoub’s mind. What is my identity?”  Sometimes the answer comes easily. It’s Matoub!”   Their leader, whose war name was Hamza, said to Matoub, “Now you’re getting ready to die, have you decided to pray?”  “Obviously,” replied Matoub. Anytime, anywhere, across your devices. Your donation will help me to carry on writing and taking photos, and will also be hugely appreciated. Please update this song. He suspected them of aiding and abetting Islamic terrorism in Kabylia and beyond. But mostly it was death that dominated his thoughts. First published in ‘Shoot The Singer! Nor is their struggle predominantly about trade union rights, women’s rights, cheap food, better schools and hospitals and an end to corruption although, like most other Algerians, they long for these things too. The bullet-strafed car was still smoking and the pools of blood on the asphalt were still warm when the news broke. He also promised that he would try and persuade the Berber movement to give up its political aims. A body with its throat slit is said to be wearing a ‘Kabyle smile’ to this day. There was a gradual purge of dissident Kabyle elements in the nationalist movement already underway by 1962 but a year later a senior Kabyle revolutionary called Hocine Aït Ahmed formed the Front des Forces Socialistes (FFS), as a vehicle to promote social democratic ideas and the rights of Berber minorities. His own execution seemed to be forever only a few hours away. That day I knew that the five bullets of Aïn El Hamman were defeated,” he wrote. Hi, I saw that he was a man, more in the ilk of Verlaine, in his non-conformism and in his ambiguities too. After rejoining his family in Taourirt Moussa, where thousands of well-wishers gathered to greet him, Matoub began to find out what had happened during his absence. The FFS believed that ultimately peace and stability could only be won through dialogue with the FIS and other fundamentalist groups. The will of God was the simple motivation behind their every thought and the justification of their every action. This, for once, was a real roadblock. The emphasis of the struggle moved to France where gradually throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Berber cultural awareness grew like a storm cloud in the ex-pat Algerian community. Like many extremist political organisations, the FIS offered simplistic starry-eyed solutions to complex deep-rooted problems. Many Kabyles also recognised the importance of Islam but they preferred to let faith be a personal matter, between the individual and God, rather than something decreed and formulated by the state. Today is a day of great joy. It all ended with the birth of an independent Algeria and one of the greatest mass exoduses of the 20th century. Nevertheless he was a fervent and declared admirer of Saïd Sadi, the man who had founded the Mouvement Culturel Berbère (MCB) in the late 1960s and was also behind the creation of the RCD in the late 1980s. Edit Label The time had come for direct action. When oil and gas prices plummeted in the mid 1980s, the country’s only real source of hard currency dwindled. It was only the ardent and sustained support of Matoub’s family and his fans, together with the time spent singing and composing songs that saved his sanity through the long months of recuperation. It was his first encounter with death; close, intimate and real. They were heroes, and the war of Liberation was a heroic struggle. They fought hard in the war of independence. Not long after he arrived in Paris, Matoub attended a concert of Kabyle music at La Mutualité. The Kabyle people (Kabyle: Izwawen or Iqbayliyen, iqβæjlijən) are a Berber ethnic group indigenous to Kabylia in the north of Algeria, spread across the Atlas Mountains, one hundred miles east of Algiers.They represent the largest Berber-speaking population of Algeria and the second largest in North Africa.. In Algiers he received literally hundreds of well-wishers by his bed-side, and many more letters and gifts from far and wide. (c) 2003 But beneath this veneer there were deep divisions which began to surface even before the ink was dry on the Evian Accords of March 1962 which guaranteed Algeria her independence. Référence électronique Fatiha Tabti Kouidri , « Identité et altérité dans la chanson kabyle engagée des années 1990 : I to need to earn a crust somehow. Muslim Algerian intellectuals and thinkers, who had all hitherto used the French language as their vehicle of expression, would now have to think, dream and cry in Arabic. Europeans killed Muslims. “The terrorists freed me because they had no choice…  For the first time a whole region mobilised, arms in hand, to show that they would not give in to intimidation…  My songs, my music, my struggle will be even stronger now.” Composing songs and writing his autobiography ‘Rebelle’ were the only forms of therapy he allowed himself. The state could no longer pay its bills and what had always been a fragile society, even at the best of times, began to disintegrate. Title Sources Akka khir: Aldjil N'Toura: Anaghak rabi aya gour: Arouigh Tissite el Kahoua: Assouth erdif: Athislith ayisli: Aya ghrive: Aya zerzour: Aydhrimmiou Matoub’s own revolutionary dream finally turned into a nightmare when he was sent to Oran for his compulsory military service in 1975. For a long time their idyllic country has been neither large nor fertile enough to support all its sons, and emigration is hard-wired into the Kabyle experience. Dans le domaine de la chanson, Aït Menguellet jette un regard rétrospectif sur une œuvre de longue haleine pour, en assemblant une centaine de titres d’anciens succès et des tous récents, donner une fresque de chansons-titres, Tiregwa, que nous pourrions qualifier de «voyage mélodique». The Berber Cultural Movement (MCB) called for a general strike and the response was overwhelming. Kabyles played pivotal roles in this evolutionary process. During the ensuing street brawl Matoub stabbed the producer in the abdomen. His mouth made him many enemies, but it was also the vehicle of his greatness. Many thanks! The political system had betrayed them. Music Censorship Today’ Zed Books, London, May 2004. Music-making went on everywhere, at work in the fields during the day, at home in the evenings, at weddings, henna feasts, parties; music and old Berber tales of Kings and princes, heroes and villains. It would look too much like a climb down, a loss of courage and a defeat. Posters began to appear in Tizi Ouzou proclaiming that Matoub was next. Aït Meguellet, a singer revered by many Kabyles and Algerians, refused to comment on Matoub’s kidnapping when pressed by journalists. Find similar artists to Aït Menguellet and discover new music. Chaabi was also the music of my childhood. Matoub always claimed that he was a poet and that political machinations held no interest for him. In the end a Tunisian Jew agreed to put it out. This new opportunity spawned the ‘Beur’ movement, a flowering of North African culture, politics and media in the old colony, France. Proud, defiant but still politically immature, the new leaders of these fledgling states find they cannot entertain progressive notions of federalism and live-and-let-live cohabitation for fear that the weak mortar that binds their nation together will just crumble into dust and anarchy. By 1980, he was already headlining Paris’ legendary venue L’Olympia, scene of memorable visits by the Rolling Stones, James Brown, Edith Piaf and Genesis among many others. “I know I have been reprieved,” he wrote. Copyright © 2021 Andy Morgan Writes. The shelter that the impenetrable contours of their territory gave to the freedom fighters was Kabylia’s pride. His judges had an intimate knowledge of his poems and lyrics, even though they claimed that they never listened to his music, or any music for that matter. Meanwhile Algeria was plunging into hell. The war of independence that ended in 1962 was one of extreme hatred and extreme violence. Boumedienne was an Arabic Literature teacher turned steely military leader and staunch command and control socialist. A haunting life-long flirtation had begun. “Popular pressure saved me from the nightmare. Il y a vingt ans, jour pour jour, le 25 juin 1998, Matoub Lounès, artiste engagé en faveur de la reconnaissance de la culture et de la langue berbères, était assassiné lâchement devant son épouse et de ses deux belles-sœurs. Lounis Aït Menguellet lyrics with translations: Awkni xdae rabbi, Inasen (Dis leur), A ṭṭejra ilili, Yir targit, Ixef yettrun (L'âme en pleurs), Tiɣri n tasa (Cris du cœur) He would limp for the rest of his life. “In this theatre of shadows into which evil has plunged the country,” she wrote, “the only freedom left to the populace, pressured to choose between one camp or another, is to doubt, without let up, everything and everybody.”. The first was command and control socialism, Soviet style. As part of this scheme they might just want him alive. A book based on the story of Ibrahim ag Alhabib, founder of Tinariwen and co inventor of the Touareg guitar style, MBONGWANA STAR – Kinshasa’s Afro-junk revolutionaries, KINSHASA SYMPHONY – The art of Haydn and debrouillardise, JUPITER – Kinshasa’s rebel general stands tall, BALOJI (Part 1) – Super sorcerer of Belgo-congolese rap, ‘BENDA BILILI’ – “They never told us it was impossible…”, SOCKLO – The genius guitar maker of Kinshasa. “I don’t want it to exploit mine.” They were harkis, the name given by Algerians to traitors who collaborated with the French, and they had been executed by the mujaheddin. Various factions had very different answers to that “Who are we?” question. He refused to believe them, and kept telling himself that death was nothing to fear because he was dead already. The revered Kabyle writer and Berberist, Mouloud Mammeri, was due to give a lecture on traditional Berber poetry at the University of Tizi Ouzou. The problem with going back however was that Matoub was now famous in his home country, despite the fact that RTA, the national Algerian state-owned radio and TV company, never ever broadcast his music until the day of his death when they suddenly realised that they didn’t possess a single piece of live footage, studio recording or taped interview of one of the greatest Algerian singers who ever lived. Matoub rushed up to his hotel room and fetched a knife while the producer ranted in the lobby. In every hollow, on every ridge, down every street or path and on every rooftop around the Matoub villa, as far as the eye could see, a sea of mourners stood simmering under a hot and ripening sun. They were the bards of the gathering revolt. They revelled in it, boasted about it and glorified it.
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